Depression, also known as Major Depressive Disorder or Clinical Depression, is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and loss of interest. It affects how you think, feel, and behave, often leading to emotional distress, physical symptoms, and difficulties in daily functioning. For some, depression can make even basic tasks seem overwhelming, and in severe cases, it may lead to feelings of isolation, hopelessness, or thoughts of self-harm.
While some people experience only one episode in their lifetime, many face repeated episodes. Symptoms typically occur most of the day, nearly every day, and can include:
- Ongoing sadness, tearfulness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Irritability, frustration, or anger over minor issues
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or oversleeping
- Fatigue and low energy
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Anxiety, agitation, or restlessness
- Slowed thinking, speech, or movements
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things
- Persistent thoughts of death or suicide
- Unexplained physical pain, such as headaches or backaches
Depression is far more than feeling sad it is a complex medical condition, not a weakness, and cannot simply be “shaken off.” Causes may include a combination of genetic, biological, and situational factors, such as major life changes, chronic illness, financial stress, or emotional trauma. The good news is that effective treatments exist. Psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both can help manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and foster longterm recovery.
According to The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
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